By the time this day ends, 74 persons in Malaysia would have suffered from premature death due to smoking and vape-related illness and related conditions.
More schoolchildren would have purchased their first high nicotine concentration vape devices using their pocket money and will be puffing away with their friends.
The overall number of smokers would not have changed. But there will be more people becoming addicted to nicotine, and many others would be desperately trying to quit smoking and vaping and be treated for their addiction.
Not too long ago, Malaysia was regarded as one of the leading countries in the region in the field of tobacco and smoking control. However, in a short period of time, we have not only retreated, but have gone in the opposite direction.
It was a major mistake to exempt liquid and gel nicotine from the controlled substances schedule under the Poisons Act 1952, allowing vape and e-cigarettes containing nicotine to be freely sold without restrictions, safeguards, and protections.
Doing so without a legal framework or even minimal regulations already in place has resulted in the worsening of a threat to public health: uncontrolled vaping among children and teenagers.
On hearing the news from Malaysia, World Health Organization (WHO) director-general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on June 2, 2023, delivered one of his sharpest rebukes of the vaping and e-cigarette industry.
“When the tobacco industry introduced electronic cigarettes and vaping, one narrative they really tried to sell is that this is part of harm reduction. It’s not true. It actually is a trap, meaning kids are being recruited at the early age of 10,11,12 to do vaping and e-cigarettes,” he said.
Vape and e-cigarettes should be treated similar to tobacco products and cigarettes. Yet, they remain unregulated and unrestricted. Why?
The lack of commitment and political will to enforce vape and e-cigarette restrictions in previous years has resulted in the Malaysian market being flooded by unsafe, disposable, and high-nicotine vapes aimed at children.
Because of the nicotine exemption order signed by the health minister on March 31, 2023, contrary to the recommendations of the Poisons Board, it is now not even illegal to sell these products to children. This is a fact.
It is not an exaggeration to say that people are also now under the impression that nicotine is no longer a toxic or dangerous substance.
The vape and e-cigarette industry and supporters claim that their devices help people quit smoking. This is a medical claim. Such a claim needs to be supported by scientific studies and evidence, registered, and regulated as a medicine like all pharmaceutical products. If it were true, vaping should be regulated as a medicine. Yet, it is treated like a consumer product.
Today, there is a worldwide alarm about the threat of vape and e-cigarettes. Countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, which have long regulated the production, availability, advertising, and sale of these products, are waking up to vaping epidemics in their countries, where children and teenagers are becoming addicted to nicotine.
Over the past few weeks, they have been desperately attempting to get a grip on the situation by closing legal loopholes, increasing enforcement, banning disposables and flavours, and cracking down on advertisements aimed at children.
The Australian government has even allocated US155 million to tackle this problem. The UK Prime Minister is openly concerned that his own daughters would be affected.
The seriousness of the situation in Malaysia is staggering. The prevalence of vaping among 13 to 17-year-olds in Malaysia, at 14.9 per cent, is already higher than those in the same age category in the US. Vaping among young people is already higher than cigarette smoking. How is this acceptable?
The government should take this issue seriously. The exploding popularity of vaping among this group of vulnerable individuals means that children are becoming addicted to a drug. They are not just experimenting, but actively vaping.
Many as young as 10 are reportedly starting to vape, despite never having smoked before. They are drawn by aggressive marketing, the lacing of vapes with sweet flavours, and colourful packaging. They are not using it as a tool to quit smoking.
The exceptionally high nicotine levels in vape and e-cigarettes sold in Malaysia and used by adolescents which increase their addictiveness threatens to cause a youth addiction crisis.
The absence of legislation and regulations on vape and e-cigarettes also mean that these devices are not compelled to have child-resistant and tamper-evident features.
The recent case of the 2-year-old child accidentally inhaling or ingesting liquid nicotine from a disposable vape which was lying around the house, resulting in the toddler developing seizures and needing to be hospitalised and intubated, could have been prevented. Unfortunately, there might be more of such cases in the future.
Prioritising the growth of Malaysia’s RM3 billion domestic vape industry and looking to gain from the tax revenue collected would be pointless if it comes at the cost of more people becoming addicted to nicotine, and children and teenagers forming a new generation of smokers and vapers suffering from disease.
For every RM1 collected from the tax currently imposed on cigarettes and tobacco products, RM4 is spent on treating those suffering from chronic smoking and vape-related diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and at least several types of cancer.
Collecting RM4 billion means little when you have to spend RM16 billion to treat the consequences of smoking. The vape tax is expected to bring in RM600 million annually.
Responding to the public health threat of vape and e-cigarette should be a main priority of the government. It does not look that way at the moment.
Unfortunately, the Generational End Game proposal has served as a convenient distraction and reason for many in the industry, business, and politics to oppose and condemn the Control of Smoking Product for Public Health Bill 2023 (formerly known as the Tobacco and Smoking Control Bill 2022). They prefer an indefinite postponement of any regulation which addresses these concerns.
This Bill is the closest tool available today to prevent the formation of a generation of Malaysians with long-term addictions, lung damage, and poorer quality of life.
We urgently need laws which protect children from vaping and e-cigarettes through restricting sales to over-18s only, limiting nicotine content, refill bottle and tank sizes, labelling requirements, and through advertising, promotional and marketing restrictions.
The unity government, embodied by the Malaysia Madani principle and under your leadership, have the opportunity and duty of care to secure a healthier and better future, not only for this generation but for the ones that come after us.
Azrul Mohd Khalib is the head of Galen Centre for Health and Social Policy.
- This is the personal opinion of the writer or publication and does not necessarily represent the views of CodeBlue.
